Generic Navigation¶

The Generic Navigation can be used to create custom navigation models, when none of the predefined models fit your needs. It offers a flexible API and allows you to create almost any kind of navigation. Please check out Child Stack and Child Slot before using the Generic Navigation.

The API is based around NavState and ChildNavState interfaces that should be implemented by clients. NavState represents a persistent state of the navigation. It also holds a navigation state for each child - ChildNavState. Both NavState and ChildNavState must be immutable, and correctly implement equals and hashCode methods (or just be data objects/classes). There must be no duplicated (by equality) ChildNavState.configuration within a NavState.

The navigation is performed by transforming the current NavState to a new one. The Generic Navigation implementation calculates diffs between the old list of ChildNavState and the new one, and manipulates child components as needed.

ChildNavState¶

ChildNavState represents a state of a child component. It holds a Configuration that works as a key of the child component, and a Status that represents the required lifecycle status of the child component. As mentioned earlier, the Configuration must be unique within the NavState, unless DecomposeExperimentFlags.duplicateConfigurationsEnabled flag is enabled.

The Status can be one of the following:

RESUMED - The child component is instantiated and its maximum lifecycle state is RESUMED, depending on the parent's lifecycle state. A RESUMED component can handle back button presses.
STARTED - The child component is instantiated and its maximum lifecycle state is STARTED, depending on the parent's lifecycle state. A STARTED component can handle back button presses.
CREATED - The child component is instantiated and its maximum lifecycle state is CREATED, depending on the parent's lifecycle state. A CREATED component cannot handle back button presses.
DESTROYED - The child component is destroyed but still managed, e.g. it's state may be saved and restored later. The state of the component is saved when it switches from any status to DESTROYED.

If you want to completely remove the child component from the navigation, you should remove its ChildNavState from the NavState altogether.

The SimpleChildNavState class implements the ChildNavState interfaces. It can be used in simple cases when custom implementation is not required.

Using the Generic Navigation is pretty similar to any other navigation model, there is ComponentContext.children(...) extension function.

fun <C : Any, T : Any, E : Any, N : NavState<C>, S : Any> ComponentContext.children(
    source: NavigationSource<E>,
    key: String,
    initialState: () -> N,
    saveState: (state: N) -> SerializableContainer?,
    restoreState: (container: SerializableContainer) -> N?,
    navTransformer: (state: N, event: E) -> N,
    stateMapper: (state: N, children: List<Child<C, T>>) -> S,
    onStateChanged: (newState: N, oldState: N?) -> Unit = { _, _ -> },
    onEventComplete: (event: E, newState: N, oldState: N) -> Unit = { _, _, _ -> },
    backTransformer: (state: N) -> (() -> N)? = { null },
    childFactory: (configuration: C, componentContext: ComponentContext) -> T,
): Value<S>

The children function has the following type parameters:

C - a type of component configurations.
T - a type of components.
E - a type of navigation events.
N - a type of navigation state, must implement NavState interface.
S - a type of the resulting children state.

The children function accepts the following arguments:

source: NavigationSource<E> - an observable source of navigation events, the Generic Navigation subscribes to the source and performs the navigation. The SimpleNavigation class can be used in simple cases when custom implementation is not required.
key: String - a key of the navigation, must be unique if there are multiple children used in the same component.
initialState: () -> N - an initial navigation state that should be used if there is no previously saved state.
saveState: (state: N) -> SerializableContainer - a function that saves the provided navigation state into SerializableContainer, called when the hosting component goes to background.
restoreState: (container: SerializableContainer) -> N - a function that restores the navigation state from the provided SerializableContainer. The restored navigation state must have the same amount of child configurations and in the same order. The restored child Statuses can be any, e.g. a previously active child may become destroyed, etc.
navTransformer: (state: N, event: E) -> N - a function that transforms the current navigation state to a new one using the provided navigation event. The implementation diffs both navigation states and manipulates child components as needed.
stateMapper: (state: N, children: List<Child<C, T>>) -> S - combines the provided navigation state and list of child components to a resulting custom state.
onStateChanged: (newState: N, oldState: N?) -> Unit - called every time the navigation state changes, oldState is null when called first time during initialisation.
onEventComplete: (event: E, newState: N, oldState: N) -> Unit - called when a navigation event is processed and the navigation completed.
backTransformer: (state: N) -> (() -> N)? - a function that checks the provided navigation state, and either returns another function transforming the navigation state to a new one, or null if back button handling should be disabled. Called during the initialisation and after each navigation event.
childFactory: (configuration: C, componentContext: ComponentContext) -> T - childFactory a factory function that creates new child component instances.

The children function returns an observable Value of the resulting children state.

fun <C : Any, T : Any, E : Any, N : NavState<C>, S : Any> ComponentContext.children(
    source: NavigationSource<E>,
    stateSerializer: KSerializer<N>?,
    initialState: () -> N,
    key: String,
    navTransformer: (state: N, event: E) -> N,
    stateMapper: (state: N, children: List<Child<C, T>>) -> S,
    onStateChanged: (newState: N, oldState: N?) -> Unit = { _, _ -> },
    onEventComplete: (event: E, newState: N, oldState: N) -> Unit = { _, _, _ -> },
    backTransformer: (state: N) -> (() -> N)? = { null },
    childFactory: (configuration: C, componentContext: ComponentContext) -> T,
): Value<S>

This is a convenience function similar to the one described above. It accepts an optional KSerializer<N> argument, so that the navigation state is saved and restored automatically. The navigation state is never saved or restored if the serializer is not provided.

Examples¶

A stack that can be empty¶

Child Stack provided by Decompose can not be empty. Here is an example of using the Generic Navigation for creating an API for a stack that can be empty.

import com.arkivanov.decompose.Child
import com.arkivanov.decompose.ComponentContext
import com.arkivanov.decompose.router.children.ChildNavState
import com.arkivanov.decompose.router.children.ChildNavState.Status
import com.arkivanov.decompose.router.children.NavState
import com.arkivanov.decompose.router.children.NavigationSource
import com.arkivanov.decompose.router.children.SimpleChildNavState
import com.arkivanov.decompose.router.children.children
import com.arkivanov.decompose.value.Value
import kotlinx.serialization.KSerializer
import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
import kotlinx.serialization.Transient

data class Stack<out C : Any, out T : Any>(
    val items: List<Child.Created<C, T>>,
)

typealias StackNavEvent<C> = (List<C>) -> List<C>

fun <C : Any, T : Any> ComponentContext.stack(
    source: NavigationSource<StackNavEvent<C>>,
    serializer: KSerializer<C>,
    initialStack: () -> List<C> = ::emptyList,
    key: String = "Stack",
    childFactory: (configuration: C, componentContext: ComponentContext) -> T,
): Value<Stack<C, T>> =
    children(
        source = source,
        stateSerializer = StackNavState.serializer(serializer),
        initialState = { StackNavState(initialStack()) },
        key = key,
        navTransformer = { state, event -> StackNavState(event(state.items)) },
        stateMapper = { _, children -> Stack(children as List<Child.Created<C, T>>) },
        backTransformer = { state ->
            state.items.takeUnless(List<*>::isEmpty)?.let { items ->
                { StackNavState(items.dropLast(1)) }
            }
        },
        childFactory = childFactory,
    )

@Serializable
private data class StackNavState<out C : Any>(
    val items: List<C>,
) : NavState<C> {
    @Transient
    override val children: List<ChildNavState<C>> =
        items.mapIndexed { index, config ->
            SimpleChildNavState(
                configuration = config,
                status = if (index == items.lastIndex) Status.RESUMED else Status.CREATED,
            )
        }
}

And here is the usage example.

import com.arkivanov.decompose.ComponentContext
import com.arkivanov.decompose.router.children.SimpleNavigation
import com.arkivanov.decompose.value.Value
import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable

class PhotoComponent(url: String) {
    // Some code here
}

interface GalleryComponent {
    val stack: Value<Stack<*, PhotoComponent>>
}

class DefaultGalleryComponent(
    componentContext: ComponentContext,
) : GalleryComponent, ComponentContext by componentContext {

    private val nav = SimpleNavigation<StackNavEvent<Config>>()

    override val stack: Value<Stack<*, PhotoComponent>> =
        stack(
            source = nav,
            serializer = Config.serializer(),
            childFactory = { config, ctx -> PhotoComponent(url = config.url) },
        )

    private fun pushPhoto(url: String) {
        nav.navigate { it + Config(url) }
    }

    private fun popPhoto() {
        nav.navigate { it.dropLast(1) }
    }

    @Serializable
    private data class Config(val url: String)
}

More samples¶

All existing navigation models (like Child Stack) are implemented using the Generic Navigation. Please refer to their source code for implementation details.

Sample project¶

See the sample project has the CustomNavigationComponent, which demonstrates how to use the Generic Navigation.

Generic Navigation¶

ChildNavState¶

Using the Generic Navigation¶

Saving and restoring the navigation state manually¶

Saving and restoring the navigation state automatically¶

Examples¶

A stack that can be empty¶

More samples¶

Sample project¶